BitFracture
Compression Breaks Discipline: Quantization Increases Missed Tool Calls in Small Language Models, but Not Mid-Size Ones
First author · Jul 2026 - Oct 2026
A pre-registered audit of how 4-bit NF4 quantization changes the distribution of tool-calling errors in small models, instead of reporting a single accuracy number.
- Qwen3-1.7B missed required tool calls nearly tripled under NF4 (6.0% to 17.3%, paired McNemar p=0.0001), and 13 of the 26 NF4 misses were correct under FP16.
- Qwen3-4B showed a powered null, and a direct size x format interaction test confirmed the asymmetry (-11.3pp, 95% CI [-20.0, -3.3], p=0.006).
- Method: controlled FP16 vs NF4 comparison, a 7-class error taxonomy, bootstrap 95% CIs, and a phase-gated pilot (n=50) followed by a powered run (n=150 per cell).